The core function of the Linux operating system is to serve as a robust and flexible platform that manages hardware resources and provides an environment for applications to run. Being an open-source OS, Linux allows developers to access and modify its source code, fostering a strong community for enhancements and customization. It supports various distributions tailored for different uses, from personal computing to server management. Furthermore, Linux offers stability, security, and performance, making it popular in enterprise environments, web servers, and embedded systems.