The "Turing Test" evaluates a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to that of a human. Proposed by the mathematician Alan Turing, this test involves a human evaluator interacting with both a machine and a human without knowing which is which. If the evaluator cannot reliably distinguish between the two based on their responses, the machine is considered to have passed the test. The Turing Test is significant because it challenges our understanding of consciousness and intelligence, serving as a foundational concept in discussions around artificial intelligence and its capabilities.