Self-driving cars navigate urban environments using a combination of advanced sensors, real-time data processing, and machine learning algorithms. Equipped with technologies such as GPS, LIDAR, and cameras, these vehicles can detect road conditions, obstacles, and traffic signals. They analyze this data to make informed decisions about acceleration, braking, and route optimization. Navigation systems are designed to adapt to dynamic environments, including pedestrians and other vehicles. Furthermore, the integration of V2X communication allows self-driving cars to interact with infrastructure and other road users, improving safety and enhancing traffic flow in complex urban settings.