The record for the most Olympic gold medals in gymnastics is held by Larisa Latynina of the Soviet Union. She won a total of nine gold medals during her Olympic career, which spanned from 1956 to 1964. Latynina's achievements include her performance across various events such as the vault, floor exercise, and balance beam, making her one of the most decorated gymnasts in Olympic history. Her accomplishments have set benchmarks for future generations of gymnasts around the world.