The primary goal of an athlete in a decathlon is to achieve the highest total score through participation in ten track and field events. These events typically include 100 meters, long jump, shot put, high jump, 400 meters, 110 meters hurdles, discus throw, pole vault, javelin throw, and 1500 meters. Athletes aim to perform their best in each event to accumulate points, showcasing a wide array of athletic abilities and overall versatility.