The record for the most home runs in a single MLB season is held by Barry Bonds, who hit a remarkable 73 home runs in the 2001 season. This record stands as one of the most prominent achievements in baseball history, showcasing Bonds' hitting prowess and power. However, this record has also sparked debates regarding performance-enhancing drugs and their impact on the game. Despite controversy, Bonds' accomplishment remains a significant milestone in major league baseball.