The type of rock formed from the cooling of magma is known as igneous rock. Igneous rocks can form either beneath the Earth's surface as intrusive rocks, or above the surface as extrusive rocks when magma erupts through volcanoes or fissures. The cooling rate influences the texture of the rock, with slow cooling allowing for larger crystals (intrusive) and rapid cooling resulting in smaller crystals (extrusive). Common examples include granite (intrusive) and basalt (extrusive).