The type of cells that form the nervous system are called neurons. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses, enabling communication between different parts of the body and processing information from the environment. They consist of three main parts: the dendrites, which receive signals; the cell body, which processes information; and the axon, which transmits impulses to other neurons or muscles. Supporting cells, known as glial cells, play a crucial role in maintaining neuron function and providing structural support, ensuring the nervous system operates effectively.