The scientist recognized for formulating the laws of motion and universal gravitation is Isaac Newton. His seminal work, "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica," published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics. Newton's three laws of motion describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, while his law of universal gravitation explains the attractive force between masses. Newton's contributions greatly advanced the fields of physics and mathematics, establishing principles that remain fundamental in understanding motion and forces.