The part of the flower that is responsible for reproduction is called the ovary, which is part of the pistil. The ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds upon fertilization. While the stamen and its components produce pollen (male gametes), the pistil, which includes the stigma, style, and ovary, is crucial for receiving pollen and facilitating fertilization. This reproductive structure plays an essential role in the life cycle of flowering plants, enabling them to produce fruits and seeds for propagation.