The organelle known as the "powerhouse" of the cell is the mitochondrion. Its primary function is to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency of the cell, through a process called cellular respiration. Mitochondria convert energy stored in nutrients into ATP by utilizing oxygen and glucose, supporting various cellular activities. Beyond energy production, mitochondria also play roles in regulating cellular metabolism, cellular signaling, and apoptosis (programmed cell death), making them vital for cell function and health.