The type of rock formed through volcanic activity is known as igneous rock. These rocks are created when molten material called magma cools and solidifies. When magma cools beneath the Earth’s surface, it forms intrusive igneous rocks, such as granite. Conversely, when molten lava erupts onto the surface and cools quickly, it creates extrusive igneous rocks, like basalt. The properties and texture of igneous rocks depend on the rate at which they cool and the minerals present, and they play a vital role in understanding geological processes.