The type of rock formed by the accumulation of sediment is known as sedimentary rock. These rocks form through the deposition and compaction of various sediments, including mineral particles, organic matter, and chemical precipitates. Common examples include sandstone, limestone, and shale. Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils and provide valuable information about Earth's history, including past environments and climate changes. They play a crucial role in geologic processes and are significant resources for natural materials.