The type of rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma is known as igneous rock. This classification includes both intrusive igneous rocks, which solidify slowly beneath the Earth’s surface (e.g., granite), and extrusive igneous rocks, which cool quickly on the surface (e.g., basalt). The mineral composition and cooling rates of these rocks contribute to their characteristics, such as texture and color. Igneous rocks are fundamental to understanding geological processes and the formation of the Earth’s crust.