The type of electromagnetic radiation commonly used in UV sterilization is ultraviolet light, particularly the UV-C range, which spans from approximately 100 nm to 280 nm. This radiation effectively kills or inactivates microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, by disrupting their DNA or RNA. UV sterilization is extensively utilized in various settings, including water treatment, air purification, and surface disinfection in healthcare environments, making it a vital tool for infection control.