The type of ecosystem characterized by low temperatures and low biodiversity is known as a tundra ecosystem. Tundra regions, typically found in the Arctic and Antarctic, feature a cold climate with minimal precipitation and a short growing season. The harsh conditions limit the variety of plant and animal species, resulting in low biodiversity. Common organisms in tundra ecosystems include lichens, mosses, and some hardy shrubs, alongside animals such as caribou and arctic foxes. The tundra plays a critical role in global climate systems and carbon storage.