The type of chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings is called an endothermic reaction. In this process, the reactants require energy input, usually in the form of heat, to convert into products. The absorption of heat leads to a decrease in the temperature of the surrounding environment. Common examples include photosynthesis, where plants absorb sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Understanding endothermic reactions is essential in fields such as thermodynamics and biochemistry, as they play crucial roles in various biological and chemical processes.