The type of chemical reaction that absorbs energy is called an endothermic reaction. In this process, energy is taken in from the surroundings, typically in the form of heat, resulting in a decrease in temperature of the surrounding environment. These reactions are essential in various biological and chemical processes, including photosynthesis, where plants absorb energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Understanding endothermic reactions is crucial in chemistry and thermodynamics, influencing reaction dynamics and energy management.