The type of cellular division that results in identical daughter cells is called mitosis. During this process, a single parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells, maintaining the same chromosome number. Mitosis is essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. It involves several stages, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The successful completion of mitosis ensures that each daughter cell retains a complete set of genetic information, essential for their function and survival.