The term used to describe microorganisms that can cause disease is pathogens. Pathogens include a variety of organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that can invade host organisms and disrupt normal biological functions. Understanding pathogens is crucial in fields like medicine and epidemiology, as it helps in developing strategies for prevention, treatment, and control of infectious diseases. Effective hygiene and vaccination practices are essential in mitigating their impact.