The term that describes the movement of water through the soil is percolation. This process involves the downward flow of water, driven by gravity, as it infiltrates and moves through soil layers and porous materials. Percolation plays a vital role in the water cycle, contributing to groundwater recharge and influencing plant hydration. It also affects soil composition and the availability of nutrients, thereby impacting ecosystem health and agricultural productivity. Understanding percolation is important for managing water resources sustainably.