The scientific field that studies organisms living in extreme conditions is known as extremophology, which is a subset of microbiology. Extremophiles are organisms capable of surviving in environments that are often hostile to most life forms, such as extreme temperatures, salinity, acidity, or pressure. This area of study provides insights into the adaptability of life and has implications for understanding life's potential on other planets, as well as biotechnological applications, such as the use of extremophiles in industrial processes.