The scientific field that studies the interactions between living organisms and their environment is known as ecology. Ecology examines how organisms adapt to their surroundings, the relationships between different species, and the effects of environmental changes on ecosystems. It encompasses various sub-disciplines, including population ecology, which focuses on species dynamics, and community ecology, which analyzes interactions among various organisms. Understanding ecological principles is vital for addressing environmental issues, such as conservation, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem management, contributing to sustainability and environmental health.