Microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining soil health by facilitating nutrient cycling, enhancing soil structure, and promoting plant growth. They decompose organic matter, releasing essential nutrients back into the soil, making them available for plants. Additionally, certain microorganisms form beneficial relationships with plant roots, aiding in nutrient absorption and improving resistance to diseases. Their activities also help to maintain soil pH, structure, and aeration, which are critical for healthy ecosystem functioning. Understanding these roles underscores the necessity of preserving biodiversity in soil environments.