The process that describes the release of energy from food molecules by cells is known as cellular respiration. This metabolic pathway involves breaking down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy carrier in cells. Cellular respiration can occur through aerobic processes, which require oxygen and yield a greater amount of ATP, or anaerobic processes, where oxygen is absent. Different organisms rely on various substrates and pathways depending on their energy needs. This process is crucial for cellular function, growth, and maintenance, making it a fundamental aspect of biology.