The physical property of a material that can be determined by its density is mass per unit volume. Density is calculated by dividing the mass of an object by its volume, commonly expressed in units like grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). This property is crucial in identifying substances, as materials with different densities can behave differently in various environments. For example, density affects buoyancy in fluids, and understanding density is essential in fields like materials science, geology, and engineering, helping to predict how materials will behave under different conditions.