The phenomenon that describes the relationship between the wavelength of light and the energy of photons is known as the quantum theory of light. According to this theory, the energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its wavelength. Specifically, shorter wavelengths (like ultraviolet light) have higher energy, while longer wavelengths (like infrared light) possess lower energy. This concept is pivotal in understanding the interactions between light and matter, influencing various fields, including astronomy, photochemistry, and optics.