The part of the brain responsible for regulating temperature is the hypothalamus. Located in the diencephalon, the hypothalamus acts as a control center for various homeostatic processes, including thermoregulation. It receives input from temperature-sensitive receptors throughout the body and can initiate responses to maintain a stable internal body temperature, such as sweating to cool down or shivering to generate heat. By maintaining thermal homeostasis, the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal conditions for bodily functions and overall health.