The part of a neuron responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called the dendrite. Dendrites are branched extensions of the neuron that increase its surface area, allowing for greater connectivity and signal reception. They collect neurotransmitters released from the axon terminals of adjacent neurons, converting these chemical signals into electrical impulses. This process is critical for proper neuronal communication and overall nervous system function. Dendrites play a vital role in integrating synaptic inputs, impacting the neuron's output and contributing to learning and memory.