The unique properties of water are largely due to its molecular structure and the presence of hydrogen bonding. Water (H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. This structure results in strong intermolecular forces, leading to high surface tension, a high specific heat capacity, and the ability to dissolve many substances. The polar nature of water also contributes to its cohesion and adhesion, making it an essential solvent and a vital component for life on Earth.