The term used to describe the different layers of the Earth is stratification. The Earth comprises several layers: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. The crust forms the outermost layer, while the mantle is a thick, viscous layer beneath, composed of silicate rock. The outer core is liquid and mainly consists of molten iron and nickel, while the inner core is solid and primarily made of iron. Understanding these layers helps in studying geological processes and the Earth’s magnetic field.