The term for the statistical study of populations and their structures is demography. It focuses on various aspects such as birth rates, death rates, and demographic changes over time. This field analyzes factors influencing population dynamics and distribution, helping us understand the relationships between human populations and their environments. By examining trends, demography can inform policy-making, resource management, and social services to address population-related challenges effectively. In essence, demography is essential for comprehending the underlying patterns that shape societies.