The term for the relationship between predator and prey in an ecosystem is known as predation. This ecological interaction involves a predator, which hunts and consumes another organism, the prey. Predation plays a critical role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems by regulating prey populations and fostering biodiversity. It can drive evolutionary adaptations in both predators and prey, leading to traits that enhance survival and reproductive success. This relationship significantly influences food webs and energy flow within ecosystems, showcasing the interconnectedness of species and their environments.