The term for the phenomenon where two species evolve adaptations in response to one another is called coevolution. In coevolution, the evolutionary pressures exerted by one species on another lead to reciprocal adaptations, enhancing survival and reproductive success. This interaction can be seen in predator-prey dynamics, where both species develop traits that promote their respective advantages, such as speed in prey or hunting strategies in predators. Coevolution highlights the interconnectedness of species within ecosystems and exemplifies the dynamic nature of evolutionary processes.