The term for the mutation that results in an abnormal change in the sequence of DNA is called a genetic mutation. Mutations can arise from various factors, including environmental influences, replication errors, or chemical exposure. They may be classified as point mutations, deletions, or insertions, affecting gene function and expression. While some mutations can be detrimental and lead to genetic disorders or cancers, others may confer advantages that drive evolution. Understanding genetic mutations is essential for fields like genetics, medicine, and evolutionary biology.