The term for the maximum sustainable yield of a population is MSY. This concept represents the largest quantity of a resource, such as a fish population, that can be harvested sustainably without impairing its ability to regenerate. MSY is crucial for resource management as it helps prevent overexploitation, ensuring that the population remains viable in the long term. By maintaining populations at levels around their MSY, fisheries and other resource-dependent industries can achieve sustainable practices, supporting both economic and ecological health.