The term for the genetic makeup of an individual is known as its genotype. The genotype encompasses the specific alleles an organism possesses, which can influence observable traits or phenotypes. Genotype determines characteristics such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to particular diseases. Understanding genotypes is vital in genetics, as it allows researchers to study inheritance patterns, genetic diversity, and evolutionary relationships among species. It also has practical applications in medicine, agriculture, and conservation biology, facilitating advancements in health and breeding practices.