The term for the bond formed between two atoms when they share electrons is called a covalent bond. This type of chemical bond involves the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons, allowing each atom to attain a more stable electron configuration. Covalent bonding typically occurs between nonmetals and can result in the formation of molecules with unique properties. The strength and polarity of covalent bonds influence a substance's chemical reactivity and physical properties, making them fundamental in organic chemistry.