A sudden and observable change in an ecosystem is referred to as a perturbation. Perturbations can be natural, such as wildfires, floods, or volcanic eruptions, or they can be anthropogenic, like deforestation or pollution. These changes can cause shifts in species composition, nutrient distribution, and the overall structure and function of the ecosystem. Understanding perturbations is critical for assessing ecosystem resilience and developing strategies for conservation or rehabilitation in the face of environmental challenges.