The term for a change in the genetic material of an organism is called a mutation. Mutations can occur due to various factors, such as environmental influences, errors in DNA replication, or through exposure to certain chemicals or radiation. They can be classified as point mutations (affecting a single nucleotide), insertions, or deletions of nucleotides. While many mutations are neutral or harmful, some can confer beneficial traits that may enhance an organism's adaptability, playing a crucial role in evolutionary processes.