The technique used to separate mixtures based on their physical or chemical properties is known as chromatography. This method involves the distribution of components between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. As the mixture moves through these phases, different components migrate at different rates, allowing for separation. Chromatography is widely used in laboratories for analyzing substances, purifying compounds, and even in forensic science. Its versatility and effectiveness make it a crucial tool for chemists and biologists in research and industry.