The study of patterns and processes of diseases is called epidemiology. This field focuses on understanding how diseases spread, their causes, and the factors influencing their progression. Epidemiologists collect and analyze data to identify risk factors, evaluate interventions, and inform public health policies. They often track disease outbreaks and assess the effectiveness of control measures, enabling better prevention strategies. By understanding epidemiological patterns, stakeholders can make informed decisions to protect and improve population health amid emerging and existing health threats.