The significance of vaccination in public health lies in its ability to prevent infectious diseases. Vaccines stimulate the immune system to recognize and combat pathogens without causing illness, leading to the development of immunity. Widespread vaccination has substantially reduced, and in some cases eliminated, diseases such as smallpox and polio. Vaccination not only protects individuals but also contributes to herd immunity, shielding vulnerable populations who cannot be vaccinated. Overall, vaccination is a crucial preventive measure that enhances community health and global disease control.