Studying model organisms in science is significant because they provide insights that can be generalized to other species, including humans. These organisms, such as mice, fruit flies, or yeast, are often chosen for their simplicity, rapid reproduction, and well-understood genetics. By observing their biological processes, researchers can investigate fundamental questions in genetics, development, and disease. This research contributes to advancements in medicine, agriculture, and conservation efforts by identifying mechanisms applicable across a range of life forms.