The significance of studying genetic mutations lies in understanding their role in evolution, disease development, and genetic diversity. Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to new traits, which may confer advantages or disadvantages to organisms, thus influencing natural selection. In medical research, identifying mutations is crucial for pinpointing genetic disorders, informing treatment strategies, and developing targeted therapies. Additionally, mutations contribute to the adaptability of populations to environmental changes, which is a key factor in biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics.