Studying extremophiles in biotechnology is significant due to their unique adaptations to extreme conditions such as high temperature, acidity, or salinity. These microorganisms possess enzymes and metabolic processes that can function in harsh environments, making them valuable for various applications. For instance, extremophiles can produce thermostable enzymes used in industrial processes like biofuel production and waste treatment. Understanding these organisms can also enhance our knowledge of life's resilience and potential extraterrestrial life forms.