The significance of RNA in protein synthesis lies in its role as an intermediary between DNA and the production of proteins. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed from DNA and carries the genetic information to ribosomes, where it is translated into amino acid sequences by transfer RNA (tRNA). This process is essential for gene expression and cellular function, as proteins perform a vast array of tasks within organisms. Without RNA, the synthesis of proteins — critical for growth, repair, and regulation — would not occur.