The significance of population genetics studies lies in their ability to analyze genetic variation within and among populations. By examining alleles, gene frequencies, and evolutionary processes, researchers can infer how populations adapt to environmental pressures, track disease susceptibility, and understand evolutionary dynamics. These studies provide insights into conservation efforts, such as genetic bottlenecks or inbreeding effects in endangered species. Population genetics also aids in understanding human migration patterns, ancestry, and the basis of hereditary diseases, enhancing our knowledge of biology and evolution.