The significance of genetic mutations in evolution lies in their role as the primary source of genetic variation within populations. Mutations introduce new alleles into a gene pool, which can lead to changes in an organism's traits. When coupled with natural selection, beneficial mutations can increase an organism's fitness, allowing for adaptation to changing environments. Over generations, this process can drive speciation, leading to the emergence of new species. Overall, genetic mutations contribute to the evolutionary process, shaping biodiversity on our planet.