The significance of gene expression regulation lies in controlling when and how genes are turned on or off, impacting cellular function and development. Regulation allows cells to respond to environmental changes, differentiate into various cell types, and maintain overall homeostasis. Abnormalities in gene expression can lead to diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for advancements in genetic engineering, biotechnology, and therapeutic interventions, as it enables scientists to develop targeted treatments and improve our knowledge of biological processes governing life.